Operation Management Essay - 847 Words

Chapter 1 Operations and productivity 1. Why should one study operations management? We study OM for four reasons. We study how people organize themselves for productive enterprise. We study OM because we want to know how goods and services are produced. We study OM to understand what operations managers do. We study OM because it is such a costly part of an organization. Productivity can be measured in a variety of ways, such as by labor, capital, energy, material usage, and so on. At Modern Lumber, Inc., Art Binley, president and producer of apple crates sold to growers, has been able, with his current equipment, to produce 240 crates per 100 logs. He currently purchases 100 logs per day, and each log requires 3 labor-hours to†¦show more content†¦2. Describe how an organization’s mission and strategy have different purposes. Mission is the purpose or rationale for an organizations existence. Mission statements provide boundaries and focus for organizations and the concept around which can rally. Strategy is how an organization expects to achieve its missions and goals. Mission statements tell an organization where it is going. The strategy tells the organization how to get there. Chapter 3 Project Management 1. Give an example of a situation in which project management is needed. The book gives examples such as Bechtel, Microsoft and Hard Rock in the need of project management. Project management came into play when Bechtel entered Iraq in 2003 had to quickly mobilize an international force of manual workers, construction professionals, cooks, medical personnel, and security forces. Microsoft Corporation biggest, most complex and important program Windows Vista needed a project manager. Hard Rock Cafe sponsors Rockfest, hosting 100,000 plus fans at its annual concert; the project manager begins planning some 9 months earlier. 2. What are the three phases involved in the management of a large project? The three phases are planning, scheduling and controlling. Planning includes goal setting, defining the project, and team organization. Scheduling this phase relates people, money and supplies to specific activities and relates activities to each other.Show MoreRelatedOperations Management : Operation Management1355 Words   |  6 PagesOperations Management Introduction Operations management is the activity of managing the resources that create and deliver services and products. The operations function is the part of the organization that is responsible for this activity. Every organization has an operations function because every organization creates some type of services and/or products. However, not all types of organization will necessarily call the operations function by this name. Operations managers are the people who haveRead MoreOperation Management - Cadburyworld2493 Words   |  10 Pagestechnology to streamline the operation process) and facility costs (old and outdated facilities) at lowest possible. In return, they have to compromise low costs with their other objectives. The unskilled staffs and outdated facilities are compromised with the quality in the core process. For example, the brief video (facility) in the packaging plant is outdated and requires commentary notes from some guides. However, the unskilled guides are not familiar with the operations so they need to read fromRead MoreOperation Management And Operations Management2148 Words   |  9 PagesOperation management Introduction Being an operations manager is not an easy task, it involves good control and responsibilities for the major activities within the organisations in order to achieve goals that might be in form of services or in form of goods. The operation management roles may be different from business to business depending on the size and resources available, each organisation has its own operations functions, and in order to produces goods or services they have to convert theRead MoreImportance Of Production And Operations Management2317 Words   |  10 Pagesthe production and operation of enterprises. In order to remain competitive, companies in different countries have different factors of competitive advantage. A clear competitive advantage is the key to gain success in production and operation management. An effective operations management is the foundation of enterprise competitive advantage and the fundamental guarantee to realize corporate strategy. This essay deals with the importance of production and operations management in the enterprise,Read MoreOperations Management : Operation Management Essay2171 Words   |  9 PagesOperation Management Operations administration concentrates on precisely dealing with the procedures to create and circulate items and administrations. Operations administration is the procedure, which joins and changes different assets utilized as a part of the creation/operations subsystem of the association into quality included item/benefits in a controlled way according to the arrangements of the association. In this way, it is that part of an association, which is worried with the changeRead MoreOperation Management2751 Words   |  12 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.1. DEFINITION OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.2. THE ROLE OF OPERATION MANAGER 3 1.3. RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT WITH OTHER CORE FUNCTIONS 3 2. CASE STUDIES 3 2.1. HEATHROW INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 3 2.2. NESTLÉ UK CHOCOLATE FACTORY 3 3. MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE STUDY 3 4. CONCLUSIONS 3 REFERENCES 3 1. Operation Management For the success of an organization, the management crew plays a major role. An organizational structure is based on differentRead MoreOperations Management986 Words   |  4 PagesOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Select two organisations that you are familiar with – one with a service output and one with a product output, and compare and contrast these organisations with respect to the following aspects: 1.1 The process of transformation of inputs to outputs 1.2 Process and Capacity design 1.3 Supply Chain management 1.4 Scheduling Operations Management refers to the management of the production system that transforms inputs into finished goods and services, (http://csuponomaRead MoreOperation Management2436 Words   |  10 PagesOPERATION MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT TO ALL BUSINESS To be able produce specialized managers capable of fulfilling strategic tasks within business and government enterprises the need for the practice of operations management cannot be forgone. Operations management is very significant in business operations since it forms the heart of the organisation by controlling the system of operation. Operations management deals with the design, operation, and enhancement of the systems that generate and deliverRead MoreOperations Management Chapter 18 Manual1950 Words   |  8 PagesChApter 18 Management of Waiting Lines Teaching Notes Some of the math and calculations can be left out in order to focus more clearly on the concepts of waiting lines. For example, all infinite source problems, including single channel (except constant service time) can be handled using the infinite source queuing table. In the past, queuing presented students with a good bit of computational requirements, and because of that, students frequently lost sight of the underlying concepts. WithRead MoreOperations Management1791 Words   |  8 PagesQUESTION 1 Operations management must be managed properly in order to improve an organization’s productivity and profitability. In the Cadbury World case, several micro and macro processes are involved and those processes bring some impacts to Cadbury World. Thus, Cadbury World must possess a sustainable micro and macro processes to achieve the best outcome and performance. Micro processes that involved are easily to manage compared to macro processes because macro processes are hard to manage

Green Organization Free Essays

string(67) " Hero Honda Motors are some of the other green companies in India\." Green organization and its recruitment policies Introduction If the recruiters are thinking of creating a congruent and authentic employment brand which can help your organization attract, retain and repel employees, there comes the relevance of the word â€Å"green recruiting†. Recruiting, the most important function of HR, which entails attracting the right person for the right job at the right time, is changing its color. Organizations are trying to tap every bit of opportunity, wanting to look different and make a good impression, so that the right candidates with the environment friendly bent of mind apply for jobs. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Companies large and small are seeing a significant increase in the ROI of their recruitment and retention programs by creating an employment brand. One deliverable of a significant employment brand is green recruiting practices. This is not a â€Å"flavor of the month† or a new concept. Fortune 500 companies have been doing it for years. Continuously hearing words like eco-friendly, green, environment etc for the past few years, even the young generation has also attracted towards this concept. So they are also looking for an organization which is environment friendly. In June, 2007 Dr John Sullivan wrote, â€Å"While candidates of all generations have begun evaluating potential employers based on their â€Å"greenness† few in recruiting have leveraged this hot topic in recruitment communication and activities†. He goes on to say, â€Å"Individual recruiters need to make the firm’s environmental stance a critical element of their sales pitch to potential applications and candidates†. The time has come for all employers to assess the degree of ‘greenness’ in which they operate. So, all the companies now a days are trying to portray themselves as eco friendly companies. Organizations like Google and Timberland have made concerted efforts in portraying themselves as environment friendly organizations, having programs that support environment issues. Such programs include: extending $5,000 subsidies for employees who buy hybrid cars, dining facilities that serve organic food, charitable contributions to organizations that fight global warming, on- site composting of food waste and using fuel and solar power etc. Wipro have made concerted efforts in portraying themselves as environment friendly organizations, having programs like launching a new range of eco-friendly desktops and laptops. The Wipro Greenware range is compliant with RoHS (Restriction of hazardous substances) directive, thereby reducing e-waste. Why green recruiting? It’s good to be Green. That’s what a lot of companies are finding, as they integrate environmentalism and sustainability into their corporate culture. Not only is environmentalism good for the community and the planet, it can help employees reduce waste and operate more efficiently. Companies tout their environmental initiatives in annual reports, core values, community activities and even advertising. Yet, companies often fail to leverage their environmental efforts in one key area: and that’s recruiting, meaning they are missing a key opportunity – as studies show a commitment to environmentalism and sustainability can be a factor the most desirable candidates weigh when choosing an employer. ? Studies have shown that many Gen Y and college grads are concerned, or at least conscious, about how their behavior impacts the environment. What they consume, how it is packaged, what they drive and where they live are conscious choices that are made every day. In the context of employment branding, green information should be positioned appropriately on the company website, career page or in a recruitment video. This approach can be a significant differentiator for a company that is interested in attracting top talent. There is no argument that the demand for sustainable practices is increasing. †¢ 80% of current employees want to work for a â€Å"good company† (one that has a good reputation for environmental responsibility) and this percentage is expected to grow to 90% in the next 10 years. (Corporate Environmental Behavior and the Impact on Brand Values – Tandberg, 2007. †¢ 77% of recent MBA graduates would forego some income to work for a firm with a credible sustainability strategy. (Stanford Graduate School Study, 2007). †¢ Companies that use sustainable business practices are approximately 3% more profitable than those that don’t. (empirical analysis 2007 – Innovest Strategic Advisors. ) ? College graduates are increasingly seeking a company that is environment friendly. According to the survey commissioned by Maynard, mass based on-line board’s decision for college students, 80% of them opined that they are interested in a job that has a strong and positive influence on the environment. Many institutes now offer a dedicated discipline, called â€Å"sustainability†, in the US in order to cater to the needs of student’s overarching demand for fusing business with environment. Things have to a point where jaw- dropping salaries are banished to the back burner and â€Å"going green† has soared in importance, while graduates figure out their employers to be. ? Global candidates are deeply fascinated about it. Countries like Germany, Australia, and Finland are very much attached to the eco- friendly concept. So, if the companies want to recruit global candidates, they must do much more to reach the expectation of these students when it comes to environment. ? Company’s reputation can be increased by being eco friendly. People would prefer to buy the products sold by socially responsible company. Suppliers may prefer doing business with such companies. New alliances and partnerships they can make with other organization to reduce pollution and to protect the Mother Nature. Greenest companies in India A survey conducted by BT- AC Nielsen ORG-MARG, ranked Oil and Natural Gas Company (ONGC) the greenest company followed by Reliance Industries. Overall, the oil and petroleum sector was considered the greenest sector in India. BPCL, Castrol India and HPCL are other companies in this sector that were rated green companies in the survey. The private sector companies were in a majority (13 out of 20) in the list of Top 20 greenest companies in India. India’s software companies are also considered green companies. IT companies are allowed to set up their offices within the city limits. This is because they do not harm the environment. Johnson and Johnson Ltd. , Chillibreeze, IBM, LG Electronics, PNB, Tata Motors and Hero Honda Motors are some of the other green companies in India. You read "Green Organization" in category "Papers" These companies not only emphasized upon one another the importance of adopting green technologies, but also of addressing the issues of safety, health, environment and social obligations. So, to implement all these green practices companies should train their employees properly. Through training, to some extend they can make their employees follow go green slogan. But if they don’t have real interest in this concept, these companies can’t make it a great success. That is the reason why they should give more importance to green recruiting which will enable them to obtain right kind of a person for right job and for right organization. Steps to Implement Green Recruiting ? Identify candidate decision criteria: Start by holding focus groups at industry conferences to identify what â€Å"green† factors would be important to individuals seeking new jobs. Next, ask candidates during interviews and on the Web site to list their decision criteria. During orientation, ask those who accepted jobs what criteria they used to make the decision. Finally, contact those who rejected your offers three to six months down the line to identify positives and negatives. Use this information to modify your recruiting processes and focus. Benchmark: Search the Web, benchmark with college recruiters and work with recruiting consultants to identify the best practices of other firms. Use this competitive analysis to gauge your success and to plan your future actions. ? Your Web site: Make sure that both â€Å"what you do† and the results of those efforts are prominent on your corporate careers Web site. Include your recycling statistics, as well as whether you are carbon neutral, limit greenhouse gases or win environmental awards. Include narrative or video profiles of your environmentally conscious employees. If your company policies allow, link your corporate jobs site on major (but primarily nonpolitical) environmental Web sites. ? Be talked about. If you have a strong environmental record, it’s important to get â€Å"written up† in business, professional and industry publications as well as in newspapers and on TV. Work with the PR department to identify which of your practices are most likely to be appealing to the media and designate an individual to be available for interviews. ? Recruitment advertising. Advertise in magazines that candidates who are sensitive to the environment are likely to read. Highlight in your recruitment ads a few â€Å"eye-catching† facts and any environmental awards you might have won. If you use brochures or paper recruiting materials, make sure they’re from recyclable stock and that it says so on the document. ? Job descriptions. Make sure that, where possible, job descriptions for high-volume hiring positions include responsibilities for minimizing negative environmental impacts. This is critical because if job seekers don’t see being environmentally friendly integrated into â€Å"every job† at the company, they might see your â€Å"green recruiting† as merely a PR effort. If you’re really serious, include knowledge of environmental impacts under the skills-required section of your job descriptions. ? Interviews. Provide managers with â€Å"green† fact sheets to use during interviews. If you are really aggressive, provide candidates with a side-by-side comparison showing how your firm’s environmental record is superior to other firms they might be considering. ? Sourcing. One of the best ways to strengthen your environmental image is to hire lots of environmentally friendly employees who can spread your â€Å"green† story through word of mouth. Have your recruiting team identify the sources that produce the highest-quality environmentally friendly candidates. Source at environmental organizations (i. e. , Sierra Club). Also, recruit at environmental events and use subscription lists from green publications for e-mail and direct-mail recruiting. ? Employer referrals. Having your employees spreading the word will help both recruiting and product sales. If you have the resources, proactively seek out employees who are highly visible in environmental circles and ask them specifically to talk up your firm, to seek out candidates and to provide you with names. Awards. Winning awards for excellence is always a major element of building an employment brand, so obviously winning â€Å"environmental† awards should be a major element of your strategy. ? Advisory group. Ask the advice of six to eight environmentally friendly employees about measuring the quality of the message you are sending and how to reach and convince more a pplicants of your strong â€Å"green† record. ? Products. Obviously, applicants want to know that the products they are helping to produce are environmentally friendly. This means putting pressure on product advertising and marketing to include in your product ads and packaging the fact that your products are eco-friendly. In some industries, how you treat vendors and outsourced work can be important (i. e. , Starbucks, Nike). ? Value statements. Make sure that your corporate goals, values and even corporate business objectives include environmental elements. ? Annual report. Because some applicants take the time to read your annual report, make sure it includes sections that highlight your environmental record and the fact that you recruit environmentally friendly employees. If your firm uses bio-diesel fuel, pays fair market value to suppliers, is energy-efficient or if it buys â€Å"carbon offsets,† highlight these selling points. ? Employee benefits. Consider adding holistic health options, paid time to volunteer for environmental causes, matching donations to green causes, and support for alternative transportation options to your benefit package. ? Reward criteria. Include this factor in the performance-appraisal system for all employees. Obviously, use it as a hiring criterion, but also use it as a critical element in promotions, bonuses and pay increases. Develop metrics and rewards. Because whatever you measure improves and adding rewards to the equation makes the behavior improve even faster, your green-recruiting effort must have metrics and rewards tied to it. Some of the metrics you want to include are the percentage of candidates aware of your strong environmental record, the number who rejects offers because of a poor record and the percentage of new hires who say your environmental record was one of their top-five reasons for accepting the offer. Hold post-exit interviews with your top performers to identify whether environmental factors contributed to their exit. Benefits†¦ When your employees volunteer an environmental clean up effort, getting their picture in the local media serves a dual purpose. Employees receive a form of public recognition for their efforts, and it creates a positive public image. This will also add to the company’s corporate social responsibility practices. Retention efforts can be improved by including creative benefits that specifically address green concerns. Some examples include holistic health benefits, paid time to volunteer for environmental issues, financial support for alternative transportation options such as bus passes or rebates for purchasing hybrid cars, organic snack options in the employee break area, and matching employee contributions to environmental causes. By doing so, company can achieve goodwill as well as can retain and attract employees through its unique benefits offered to them. Conclusion Employees are searching for an authentic work experience where their personal values are in alignment with the organization’s values. Companies that do not give consideration to being green, or just provide â€Å"green washing† lip service may be passed over by potential candidates who don’t wish to be associated with that kind of an organization. To know, whether your company is exactly working on so called ‘green atmosphere’, following questions need to be answered: †¢ Do you have an environmental policy? Is it posted your career site? †¢ Do you have a recycling program? If so are you tracking (and communicating) the amount of money you save and landfill space you have freed up? Are you using recyclable stock on your recruiting materials? †¢ Is sustainability one of our core organizational values? If so, is it listed on your website? †¢ Have you built in any environmental accountability into your performance appraisal system? †¢ Do you incentivize employees in any way to support your environmental policies? †¢ If your company has a reward system involving r edeemable points, do you offer a green option, such as pledged donations to an earth friendly cause? It is necessary for HR Managers to include firm’s eco-friendly messages with the firm’s recruitment process and employer brand. If your business can brag about its environmental savvy, be sure to tell applicants. And don’t just rely on your Web site. Get quoted in articles about environmental initiatives, Use word-of-mouth, asking employees to spread the environmental message, Place job advertisements in magazines read by your target applicants, Provide environmental talking points to emphasize during the interview process, Win environmental awards and attend environmental conferences. Green recruiting helps the company to have its on identity in its recruitment practices when compared to all the other companies. Finally, just as with other goals, the only way to know the long term effects of going green on the company’s employment brand is to review appropriate HR metrics including effects on recruitment, retention, employee satisfaction, and productivity. Reference: 1. Bauer N Talya, Smith Aiman Lynda (1996). Green Career choices: The influence of ecological stance on recruiting, Journal of Business and Psychology. Retrieved July 14, 2010 from http://www. springerlink. com/content/p7716gg4715017j0/ Felton O Brien (2007). Debating Green Recruiting. HR Executive online. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http://www. hreonline. com/HRE/story. jsp? storyId=46706256 Huff Charlotte (2007). Green Recruiting Helps Bring in Top Talent. Workforce Management Online. Retrieved July 20,2010 from http:// www. workforce. com/section/06/feature/25/06/24/index. html Huff Charlotte (2007). Highlighting your Green. Workforce Management Online. Retrieved July 22,2010 from https://www. orkforce. com/section/06/feature/25/06/24/250626. html 5. Lizz pellet (2008). Green Recruiting: Cashing in on the Green to Enhance Your Employer branding efforts. Best practice institute. Retrieved July 15, 2010 from https://bestpracticeinstitute. org/public/doc/GreenRecruiting-CashinginontheGreentoEnhanceYourEmploymentBrandingEfforts. pdf Steere Vicki (2009). Employment brand goes green. Jobing foundation. Retrieved July 25,2010 from http ://jobingfoundation. org/2009/07/ 7. Sullivan John (2007). Steps to Implement Green Recruiting. HR Executive Online. Retrieved July 15, 2010 from http://www. hrexecutive. com/HRE/story. jsp? storyId=26541280 8. Sullivan John (2007). Green Recruiting: Building Your Environmental Employment Brand. HR Executive Online. Retieved July 17,2010 from – http://www. ere. net/2007/06/04/green-recruiting-building-your-environmental-employment-brand/ 9. http://www. careerxroads. com/news/updates/0209. asp. Retrieved July25, 2010 10. http://www. qualigence. com/Yaffe/newsletter/articles/tt/tt_121707. html. Retrieved July27, 2010 How to cite Green Organization, Papers

Nigeria Movie Industry free essay sample

However, events preceding 1992, are not popular even although a few have tried to trace the history of Nollywood. Here is an abridged edition (yet richly enlightening) from one of several articles i published concerning this topic matter. Film exhibition began to thrive for the duration of the Colonial era, with Glover Memorial Hall playing host to an array of unforgettable films viewed by â€Å"potential Nigerians†, in August 1903. However, the non-availability of proper data reflecting the title of the debut movie exhibited has created a lapse in the precedent stock. Notwithstanding the lacuna, the way we have been paved for that exhibition of additional foreign films at the Hall at identical time as other designated venues. The emotionally traumatizing â€Å"Master – Servant† relationship, apparent in the constant assaults, batteries, intimidation, segregation, victimization, carried out while using Colonial masters on the colonized, with darkened clouds of resentment, vengeance, thirst for freedom, offering option to splattering drops of such thoughts, instinctively projected consequently of the colonized intermittent in-subordinate actions, began to distribute one of many blacks. The British realized they had to thread with caution when they even now desired to take part in â€Å"god† inside their lives when films just like Tales of Manhattan, Trailer horn, Tarzan series began to stir up a revolution in the hearts of Blacks around the globe. Aware of the lethal energy of insurgency which could be unleashed consequently of the movie medium, the British out of fearfulness for his or her lives and achievable the loss of the Queen’s sovereignty took the bull while using horn, and swiftly created a Colonial movie Censors Board (FCB) in 1933 to censor and classify films just before they were released for visual consumption while using public. Following the establishment of the board, Films just like â€Å"The primitive, primitive man, Dixie, Buffalo Bill, The Keys of the Kingdom, Sleepy village Girl were tagged ‘suitable’ to be watched , while Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Clive of India, The Isle of Forgotten Sins, home of Frankenstein were considered as unsuitable for viewing . The Censor’s amount underwent a transformation process into the Federal Board of movie Censors (FBFC) from your aforementioned, along while using laws from which the changed amount derived its powers ranged from your 1948 Cinematograph Laws of Nigeria, the Cinematograph Laws of 1963, towards 1963/64 Cinematograph regulation and Regulations. The existing National movie and Video Censors Board came into existence by virtue of decree, now Act 85 of 1993. The advent of Nigeria’s Independence (1960) along while using Republican status (1963), heralded the dawn of a new era in all sectors. â€Å"The Yoruba Travelling Theatre Group† of the 60? s and 70? s can be proven to given that the â€Å"Fountain Head† of movie productions in Nigeria. The veterans with excellent Theatrical skills and excellent performances took their works outside of the stage, and dove into the sea of movie productions making utilization of the Celluloid format. Notable movie makers on the Roll phone of Honour for the duration of the Celluloid boom era of the 70? s include Ola Balogun, Eddie Ugbomah, late Herbert Ogunde, Adeyemi Afolayan a. k. a Ade adore (father of Kunle Afolayan of the Irapada fame), Ladi Ladebo, Moses Adejumo, Adebayo Salami and Afolabi Adesanya. The list of documented films created for the duration of the 70? s era and transcending somewhat into the 80? s is simply astonishing and goes to demonstrate that the Movie Industry has been near too much longer, contrary towards ‘1992 perception syndrome’ most are. This was the views of the Managing Director, Nigerian Film Corporation, NFC, Mr Afolabi Adesanya. According to him, every aspect of film production involves one form of information technology or the other. In the Nigerian movie industries these days, you can’t separate motion picture industry from ICT revolution. When we are talking about converting from film to video or video to film, you need ICT. When you are talking of film productions and post productions like editing, you need computer. So it is an industry driven by ICT right now. The knowledge of ICT has brought about the ideas which helped to improve on our picture and sound quality in the Nigerian movie industries today and also clues on the type of equipment to buy which includes video cameras with built in sound capture technology. The ideas ICT also brought about more way to better sounds with the help of an-equipment called digital recorder that syncs with the film or video with also digital recorder with several inputs to allow for multiple microphones to capture the sound. Another technology that was discovered in the movie industry by the knowledge if ICT is an-instrument called boom which is a long pole on which the microphones are attached in other to get the microphones as close as possible to the actors or actresses in a movie set also known as production set. Furthermore, the implementation of ICT in movie sector had diverted the use of cassette tape into DVD’s. Cassette tape isn’t durable compared to its lasting capability to digital video disc. The camera use for the production of cassette tape is analog while that of the DVD is digital signals. These means that the video quality between these two are definitely different either in the case of progressive lines used or signal processed in them. VCD or cassette tape all used dots to transmit there video signal (the movie is not so clear). The implementation of the DVD’s has also made it video user friendly in such a way that users cannot only watch videos in their respective DVD players but also on Smartphone’s and tabs. It solved video compatibility issues. Like I explained earlier, every individual wants a film that is been portrayed as if it were real, in the new technology advancement on televisions, users are able to change their aspect ratio (manually change view to suite their vision and taste) not like the old square TV, in other to watch the film with comfort. It’s therefore concluded that the new television advancement have made the movie suit a customer taste, thereby increasing demands for movies and increasing industrial profit. In the movie industry ICT has brought a wonderful idea called preview. A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in making or editing certain sections all over again. The beautiful idea that ICT exposed in the Nigerian movie industry is the trailer. Trailer is an advertisement shown in the begging of a movie to tell about the fourth coming of a new movie film that will be exhibited in the future. The implementation of ICT in the movie industries had made film distribution easier either by posting the movie on the internet, then sending it to specified vendors. These processes had potentially reduced the distribution cost of movie produced. Also with the advent of ICT, people would no longer carry movie around from a place to another, they can just alternatively reach their destination, connect to the internet and download the movie they require. In the movie industries today, every producers want to achieve a perfect score in any movie they produce, with the help of technology, the producer would probably post the movie preview online so that individuals among the masses would rate the movie before it is been fully produced to achieve that perfect score. With the knowledge of ICT we have been able to create wide internet network for our home videos only and site that can be logged in and become a member to view or download any movie. Most of all the amazing duplicating of personality in screen shot where an actor can be shown differently and at the same time in one scene of the movie identical and of different wears, character, behaviours and actions. ITC have help lots of the 21st century movies in terms of improved stunts ability. Like in a movie where by the actor would jump from a sky scrapper but really he just took a step down to the floor. These ITC have made these scenes possible, the stunt may look real but it really not real. In essence ITC in movie industry have created scenes that are not possible in real life. The existence of dinosaur in 21st century, everyone know it is not possible, but with use of ICT in the industry, the film maker can either use a histogram or other ICT equipment to project a living dinosaur in 21st century. You should now understand that the use of ICT in film have now created scenes that are not possible in real life, although they will definitely look real in other to achieve the taste of the people. Green screening is another way ICT have made the movie industry project interesting impossibilities in their movies. Green screening is a way that the actor in a movie would appear in a place, but really he is not there. Example; a movie projected a man flying to different places, different cities, do you think that’s real, though people actually know that that action is not real, but it would make the look and feel of the movie very fantastic. That’s with the help of green screening. Animation is also part of how ICT have made impact in the movie industries today. Project moving object or not real character as moving character is a very incredible thing, but with the help of ICT it becomes easier. Cartoons that are created with ICT infrastructure have acquired much graphics, much speed in transmission, much understanding and even much human like form characters. Implementation of 3D technology also known as 3 dimensional is motion pictures that illustrate real depth and perception in a film. These 3-D images projected makes you see objects in the film in 3-dimensional, in other words think and feel like you are present in the film. The introduction of ICT in films making have made it possible for the movies to portray it’s scenes as if it were real not like the old fashioned 2-D films, these thereby increase customers taste for the movies. Technology implementation had made these possible in the movie industries. Note: every individual want movies that look real, with the help of ICT implementation the movie produced look real, and attracts customer to purchase them. With no doubt, implementations of ICT in the movie industries have enrich and change the industries today. In conclusion we can say that, ICT implementation in the movie industries has made the movie industry develop rapidly, and it has also been a good source of revenue for countries that engage in it. ICT has also created job opportunities all over the world. Obviously the sector realizes lots of idea to carve into its method for rapid improvement and maintenance of growth. With the constant use of ITC in the movie industry it is now indispensible.

Informative Speech free essay sample

What if a speaker had an important topic that they needed to get across to their audience? How would the speaker go about It and what type of speech would the speaker choose. Well chapter 13 contents the creative process for Informative speaking. What informative speaking is how to choose a focused informative topic, how to conduct a research and informative outline? The chapter also contains how to organize the body, introduction, and conclusion of the informative speech. Lastly chapter 13 contents explain how to prepare to present the speech and evaluate and informative speech.In order to make a well Informative speech the speaker needs to be logical and purposeful. There are five steps to achieve a well-spoken speech. The first step Is starting, then researching, next is creating, presenting, and listening and evaluating. Part of starting a informative speech will be knowing what an informative speech is. The informative speech is giving audience completely new knowledge, skills, or understanding about a topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As well increases current knowledge, skills, or understanding.Most informative speeches also describe, explain, or Instruct. An Inform speech can also report. Next the way that a speaker starts their speech Is getting to know the audience and situation. By knowing the place a speaker will most likely be able to determine what subject to speak on. The audience will let the speaker know what Information to give base on culture, ideals, and different traits. When figuring this out the next step for a speaker is to create an idea bank. This is Just a list of broad ideas that could describe, explain, or demonstrate.The way to create an idea bank Is use a sheet of paper In order to free associate, evaluate the speech assignment or speaking event or clues, and then make a list of potential topics that lean toward a specific purpose. From there just narrow the topic down to something that fits the audience and place. Now that the speaker has chosen the topic the speaker needs to determine if the informative speech is going to describe, explain, or instruct. Finally choose the specific purpose and central idea.These two help the speaker stay on topic while giving the audience the objective for the speech. Now that the speaker has figured out what type of speech they want to present they can create a working outline. The outline should take a few minutes to construct. This will guide the speaker research. Now the working outline is only a rough outline. In this outline the speaker might use question for the main points and later use sentences for the preparation outline. After the working outline is complete the speaker is ready to conduct research.When researching the speaker wants to find material the will make the audience want to listen and learn. The speaker should select material that have a language level appropriate, something that will interest the audience, and if the topic is employ make sure to find multiple perspectives and means because everyone learns differently. The speaker should use the internet, library, newspapers, magazines, and personal knowledge in order to create their speech. Now that the speaker knows the topic it Is time for them to construct the will typically end with a source page.When making the outline a speaker needs to know how to organize the body of an informative speech. First the speaker needs to understand that an informative speech utilize chronological, topical, spatial, imperative, order of intensity, problem-solution, or causal strategy. Next a speaker must commit to a strategy and construct main points. Finally the speaker should organize the support materials. The way to organize the material will be under a point or sub point depending on the strategy being used. When preparing to present the speech a speaker must consider what language to use.Language is important because it creates meaning, helps the audience learn and remember, and if the language creates pictures some people can learn better that way. Next the speaker needs to look at their delivery and practice. Since different people learn in different ways a presentation aid can help build redundancy, gain and keep the audiences attention, summarize large portion of information, and build credibility. Lastly the speaker souls evaluate an informative speech. The way to do this is listen effectively, evaluate the message that the speaker was trying to get across and evaluate the presentation.Discussion Chapter 13 provides the students with information about how to develop an effective informative speech. By knowing your audience and their situation, you will be able to pick an informative topic beneficial and appropriate to your class. It also allows the speaker to get an idea of how their audience will react, and what questions they need to prepare for the after-speech discussion session. Knowing the situation also allows them to decide how to set up their presentation to fit the environment. Question Explain the five steps to the creative process for informative speaking? Explain the different categorize of informative Informative Speech free essay sample The time and hard work put into building this fantastical must be recognized. In this speech I will take you on a magical journey through the history making and development of this ravishing park. In 1964 Walt Disney began secretly buying millions Of dollars worth Of Central Florida farmland (History). The amount of land purchased ranges from five thousand acres to twenty thousand acres at a time. They were sold a remarkably high prices. Many thought the person buying this land was Howard Hughes while others thought it was the space program (History).For this large piece of land, Mr.. Disney had a vision, he wanted it to be the place where everyone would come and never grow up. He wanted an Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow He wanted to Plus It! , or make it better than Disneyland in California (Theme park History: A Short History of Walt). When other entrepreneurs found out (owners of hotel chains and restaurants) they started buying spots near and around the site for the soon to be Disney World. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They all wanted in on the great riches that would be earned from the anxious visitors to this Fantasy Land.Walt Disney died on December 15th 1966, 5 years before the opening of his park. But, his brother, Roy O. Disney continued his vision of Disney World. The building of the park was a two year construction effort that employed nine thousand people. The total cost of this project by its October 1 971 opening was 400 million dollars. By the end of the first two years after the opening of the Magic Kingdom, thirteen thousand people were employed and over twenty million visited the park. (History) Other parks and attractions started moving near the park too.Swearword, an aquatic based park, came around in about the year 1973. As the things around it continued to grow, so did Disney World. The production and building rates were faster than ever. PEPCO, also known as the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, was added in 1987 and Disney-MGM Studios (now Disney Hollow. Todd Studios) was also added as a plus it! in 1989 (History). The jungle based park, Animal Kingdom, was then added. This park had animal themed attractions that drew in many young children and teens.In 1990, Universal Studios opened its doors. This park expanded Disney even more, bringing in more visitors, which led to more money for more attractions. The new money earned built Islands of Adventure, a second theme park including attractions dedicated to Dry. Issues, Marvel comics, and Jurassic Park (History). These two parks were focused on different movies, shows, or characters, either under the Disney Company or other big name companies linked to Disney. Fast forward to September 1 1, 2001.This is the day the planes crashed Into the twin towers, or 9/1 1 as most call it. This devastating attack impacted Disney and other tourism places greatly. The attack brought down the ours economy drastically, money was very short and building slowed. Many were afraid to travel so that meant less visitors to the attractions. This major disinflation in the economy lasted for two years. Right after these two years three hurricanes hit Central Florida. This continued the disinflation in the tourist economy.This also closed Cypress Creek but it was soon after rebuilt as LEGEND, which was preparing for its debut on March 20th (History). Nevertheless, the building continued, more attractions were being added to the different parks, from Fear Factor at Swearword, to Soaring Over California at PEPCO. Animal Kingdom also added a ride in 2006 called Expedition Everest, a ride based on Mount Everest, showing you what its like to go down the great mountain. A year after this, the famous Castle from Cinderella was unveiled.This attracted many small children, some were even lucky enough to be able to stay a night in the famous Castle. The Castle is located in the middle of the Magic Kingdom, where you are very likely to meet Cinderella and the Prince. While building the park, the engineers, or builders at Disney World came up with the hidden Mackey game. While walking through the park you must count the amount of hidden Mackey heads you find in the park. They can be hidden in the shapes of walls food, plants, etc.This game has been played for many years by visitors of all ages. It started out as a joke to the engineers as they were building and thinking up new technology, it made the job even more interesting and fun than it already was. Building the attractions took a lot of work and thought. The engineers had to think of different means of technology needed to accomplish their goal. They also had to think of the efferent Disney stories and themes and how they would be incorporated in the different attractions and rides at the park.There were many long hours of thought and precision put into the building and engineering of this wonderful park, it did not just come from a few doodles. All in All, Disney World has been through a lot since its debut in the year 1 971. From its original founder, Walt Disney, passing to the disinflation in the tourist economy Disney still managed to hold up. From this bad also came good, Roy Disney saw many more opportunities for Disney World and after the inflation, more rides and attractions were added, and some still are being added and thought up at this very moment. Informative Speech free essay sample Once the push bar of the scooter-like contraption was broken off, skateboarding was born. No one really know who invented the first skateboard because at the time in the 1950s a lot of people had the same idea and a lot of people were coming out with their own versions of a skateboard. Know a day’s there are a lot of different types of skateboards there is the regular short board it has a concave body style they use them to do difficult tricks and you see a lot of people doing stunts on them. Then there is the long board its another version of a skateboard and its longer they give you the feeling of gliding like your surfing their basically surf boards on wheels that you can use on land and then we also have what we call the slalom boards those are what a lot of racers use they can go up to 30 and 40 m/h and then their is electric boards their battery based so if you don’t want to push or do anything but steer the skateboard you have that option know. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ever since skateboarding was invented it has been through a lot of ups and downs in the beginning it was a huge success until about 1965 a slew of so-called safety experts pronounced skateboarding unsafe because of its rough body style and the fact they used clay for the wheels so there were a lot of accidents then in 1973 the urethane wheel was invented revolutionizing the sport. The new wheels provided much better traction and speed and, combined with the new skateboard specific trucks; it allowed skaters to push the difficulty of maneuvers to new levels. Tricks at this time consisted of surfing maneuvers done on flat ground or on banks. Then in 1976 Alan Gelfand, nicknamed Ollie, was the one who invented the Ollie an Ollie consist of a gentle rising of the nose and scooping motion to keep the board with the feet. The purpose and functionality of a skateboard at first it was used for recreational uses and fun but know with the high gas prizes a lot of people are using them for close proximity transportation and you can actually work as a professional skater. Today a pro can make anywhere from $1,000 to $10,000 a month. These earning are based on winnings, depending on how well a skater places in any given competition and how many competitions a skater competes. I hope this speech has informed you about the history and variations of skateboards as well as its functionality and purposes. Informative Speech free essay sample What if a speaker had an important topic that they needed to get across to their audience? How would the speaker go about it and what type of speech would the speaker choose. Well chapter 13 contents the creative process for informative speaking. What informative speaking is how to choose a focused informative topic, how to conduct a research and informative outline? The chapter also contains how to organize the body, introduction, and conclusion of the informative speech. Lastly chapter 13 contents explain how to prepare to present the speech and evaluate and informative speech. In order to make a well informative speech the speaker needs to be logical and purposeful. There are five steps to achieve a well-spoken speech. The first step is starting, then researching, next is creating, presenting, and listening and evaluating. Part of starting a informative speech will be knowing what an informative speech is. The informative speech is giving audience completely new knowledge, skills, or understanding about a topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page as well increases current knowledge, skills, or understanding. Most informative speeches also describe, explain, or instruct. An inform speech can also report. Next the way that a speaker starts their speech is getting to know the audience and situation. By knowing the place a speaker will most likely be able to determine what subject to speak on. The audience will let the speaker know what information to give base on culture, ideals, and different traits. When figuring this out the next step for a speaker is to create an idea bank. This is just a list of broad ideas that could describe, explain, or demonstrate. The way to create an idea bank is use a sheet of paper in order to free associate, evaluate the speech assignment or speaking event for clues, and then make a list of potential topics that lean toward a specific purpose. From there just narrow the topic down to something that fits the audience and place. Now that the speaker has chosen the topic the speaker needs to determine if the informative speech is going to describe, explain, or instruct. Finally choose the specific purpose and central idea. These two help the speaker stay on topic while giving the audience the objective for the speech. Now that the speaker has figured out what type of speech they want to present they can create a working outline. The outline should take a few minutes to construct. This will guide the speaker research. Now the working outline is only a rough outline. In this outline the speaker might use question for the main points and later use sentences for the preparation outline. After the working outline is complete the speaker is ready to conduct research. When researching the speaker wants to find material the will make the audience want to listen and learn. The speaker should select material that have a language level appropriate, something that will interest the audience, and if the topic is complex make sure to find multiple perspectives and means because everyone learns differently. The speaker should use the internet, library, newspapers, magazines, and personal knowledge in order to create their speech. Now that the speaker knows the topic it is time for them to construct the informative outline. This outline is structured and includes complete sentences and will typically end with a source page. When making the outline a speaker needs to know how to organize the body of an informative speech. first the speaker needs to understand that an informative speech utilize chronological, topical, spatial, comparative, order of intensity, problem-solution, or causal strategy. Next a speaker must commit to a strategy and construct main points. Finally the speaker should organize the support materials. The way to organize the material will be under a point or sub point depending on the strategy being used. When preparing to present the speech a speaker must consider what language to use. Language is important because it creates meaning, helps the audience learn and remember, and if the language creates pictures some people can learn better that way. Next the speaker needs to look at their delivery and practice. Since different people learn in different ways a presentation aid can help build redundancy, gain and keep the audience’s attention, summarize large portion of information, and build credibility. Lastly the speaker sould evaluate an informative speech. the way to do this is listen effectively, evaluate the message that the speaker was trying to get across and evaluate the presentation. Discussion Chapter 13 provides the students with information about how to develop an effective informative speech. By knowing your audience and their situation, you will be able to pick an informative topic beneficial and appropriate to your class. It also allows the speaker to get an idea of how their audience will react, and what questions they need to prepare for the after-speech discussion session. Knowing the situation also allows them to decide how to set up their presentation to fit the environment. Question Explain the five steps to the creative process for informative speaking? Explain the different categorize of informative

Causes of the Great Depression essays

Causes of the Great Depression essays The Great Depression was the worst economic slump ever in U.S. history, and one that spread to virtually the entire industrialized world. The depression began in late 1929 and lasted for about a decade. Many factors played a role in bringing about the depression; however, the main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920's. Another reasons for the stock market crash was caused Farmers continued to produce more and more food due to technological advances likes the tractor. As production grew farm prices dropped. It was simply a matter of supply and demand. Also a big drought turned that portion of America into what was called "The Dustbowl." The theory was that an indicator of money and easy credit stimulated the economy. In 1927, the Federal Reserve Board further inflated the currency by creating several more billion dollars. People went into debt, and the prices of real estate and stocks skyrocketed. The policies pursued by Coolidge made the later stock market crash inevitable and depression inescapable. Also, there was an uneven trade going on between the U.S. and the rest of the world. There were more exports than there were imports. This meant that the U.S. was loosing money and goods other than receiving. ...

Case Study of the MAXXI National Museum

001.jpg"/ Contemporary Architecture img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.003.jpg"/ This study will concentrate on MAXXI National Museum and it will supply a comprehensive reappraisal of Contemporary museum architecture ( built in Rome in 2009 ) , designed by the Zaha Hadid Architects. As it was said in â€Å"Museums in the 21stCentury† , there is no uncertainty to state that museum architecture seeks it’s development through the periods, divided into pre- and post-Bilbao epochs. Bilbao ‘s edifices are a assortment of architectural manners, runing from Gothic to modern-day architecture like Guggenheim Museum Bilbao ( construct in Spain in 1997 ) which gives the beggary of modern-day Bilbao motion. Rome has no duty to turn itself into a voguish modern metropolis ; its glorification remainders on the accomplishments of antiquity, the Renaissance, and the Baroque. In mid1990’s a new policy in Rome for ’the publicity of modern-day architecture’ has tried to alter the architectural understatement by its metropolis authoritiess, po licy with different facets, positions and cultural activities, with willingness for freshness. The foundation of the Maxi Museum was followed by international design competition uniting all the new chances. Hadid’s proposal is an impressive urban sculpture with dynamic and indefinite exhibition infinite. To build this essay, and turn out that MAXXI museum is an illustration of Modernism assorted beginnings have been researched. Therefore, its consistence includes Architectural construct and urban scheme, infinite V object, Institutional Catalyst and Contemporary Spatiality. The essay was conducted in the signifier of a study, with informations being gathered via books â€Å"Lubetkin A ; Tecton: An architectural study† by Yoshio Malcolm Reading A ; Peter Coe ( 1992 ) , â€Å"Frank O. Gehry: The complete works† by Francesco Dal Co A ; Kurt W. Foster ( 1998 ) , and the undermentioned articles â€Å"MAXXI Museum in Rome by Zaha Hadid Architects wins the RIBA Sta rling Prize 2010† by Levent Ozler, â€Å" Zaha Hadid ‘s MAXXI – National Museum of XXI Century Arts† by Zaha Hadid Architects, † Starling Prize 2010 Goes to Zaha Hadid’s MAXXI Museum in Rome† ( unknown writer ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.004.jpg"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.005.jpg"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.006.jpg"The early architectural modernism was so sudden interruption with tradition. Raise the streamer of artistic simplification and geometrization, advanced substantiate this aesthetic motto, ethical and political. The technique had become progressive character, and the machine – a metaphor.In the history of the foundation of modernism function has Berthold Lubetkin along with Le Coubusier second- coevals well-known modernist. In 1932, Lubetkin formed the Tecton partnership including Gofrey Samuel, Sir Herbert, Michael Dugdale, Valentine Harding and Anthony Chitty. Main old ages of work for Tecton partnership were the period from 1932 till the effusion of the Second universe war, and their work can be categorized in four sect ions: Apartments in north London, the work for Finsbury Borough Council, The menagerie work and house undertakings. One of the picturesque undertakings commissioned to construct after earned repute from the designed Regen’s park ( built in London, 1978 ) and Whipsnade zoo ( built in Whipsnade in 1931 ) was Dudley Zoo. Its location is outside Birmingham, in town called Dudley opened in May 1937.The geometric character of edifice consisted 12 animate being enclosures which despite the different maps of the edifices they formed relationship based on close connexion between them which was an early modernist illustration in England. In another manus on the official page of MAXXI museum Zaha Hadid commented that â€Å"the museum should non be seen as an object, but as a field of buildings† . Another manner to back up the touch of modernism is connected with the concrete walls in Kiosks, smallest edifices in the menagerie. Concrete is material typical for this period, and the same building techniques are used in Maxxi museum. In that manner is proven that Maxxi museum was portion of the Modern motion ( modernism ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.007.jpg"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.008.jpg"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.009.jpg"Another modernist for this period is half American half Canadian designer Frank Gehry. Among the well-known work of him is ( built in Spain in 1997 ) . The projected was funded and owned by Basque Country Administration, showing good entree for trade concern. The internal organisations of the infinites are distributed in three floors. The cardinal tribunal of the edifice serves as unit point, with unfastened position to the metropolis. Different art galleries fill the infinites with intent to expose impermanent exhibitions, lasting exhibitions and art from populating artist.The stuff for the exterior curving walls of the edifice is limestone and for inside is used plaster. Natural visible radiation is captured via fanlights with the aid of sunglassess control during the twenty-four hours. And as Frank Gehry says for the unconsciously made curved walls â€Å" the entropy of the curves are designed to catch the visible radiation † . With this commendation it is suggested that applied scientists along with the designer used scientific cognition, one of the typical features for modernism. In Maxxi museum the fluid and sinuate forms, the assortment and interweaving of infinites and the modulated usage of natural visible radiation is taking to functional model. By mensurating all these of import facet in order to hold this consequence and allow the visible radiation to come into the edifice they highlight the map. Therefore MAXXI museum it was besides used scientific cognition. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.010.jpg"/ Once it was said by Frank Lloyd Wright ‘s that the perceptual experience â€Å"form follows function† implies the believes that it is design service to its map. Harmonizing to arcspace.com the chief design thought of Maxi museum it is conected to the usage of the edifice exhibition infinite for ocular humanistic disciplines. Maxi museum walls traversing country and their interfaces define the interior halls of the museum and exterior.Because of the geometric abstraction in Maxxi museum â€Å"Form follows function† , we reach another feature of modernism. Modernism introduces the construct of â€Å" truth to stuffs † which states that the edifice stuffs should be exposed instead than conceal and situated in the appropriate topographic point. An illustration of this is statement is Maxxi museum. With its limited scope of stuffs, such as the walls of open concrete or grey flooring utilizing its defects, it is constructed a sequence. On 2nd floor and 3rd, the touch of daytime can be sense over the glass roof supported by steel prances. They possess a mechanism that helps for the exhibition of pictures and sculptures which are non mounted to the floor. In that why Maxxi museum is modernist edifice. Another designer of the modernism motion was Oscar Niemeyer. After his single development in architecture and a series of undertakings in the metropolis Belo Horizonte, he began to experience passion for egg-shaped forms which links with his fatherland, rivers and even woman’s organic structure form and concrete as a stuff for building. The same stuffs are used in Maxxi museum, another good ground to back up the grounds of Contemporary architecture. Exposed concrete and glass we can see in Peter Behrens edifice called AEG. Wassily Kandinsky was a Russian painter, who worked chiefly in Germany and France. Kandinsky is expressionist and proclaimed himself for Godhead of the first abstract picture, despite concerns that it dates back to consider with an earlier day of the month. His first plants were abstract water-color. His work in life base on ballss through three phases: feeling of external nature, improvisation and works composings. Wassily works and lived ab initio in Munich and subsequently in Russia, but because the conditions of Russian Communism – the censoring of totalitarian government – was forced to emigrate. First assume learning at the Bauhaus in Germany, after the closing of the school by the Nazis escaped to Paris. In 1933 by the National Kandinsky taught in Weimar, Dessau and Berlin, where he met with Russian constructivism. At that clip, the geometry acquired high quality in his art. Forms which are reminding of micro-organisms, but ever picturing interior life of the Was sily. He used an unordinary colour composings copying Slavic folklore. And mix sand with dyes to leave raggedness colourss. Consequently to theguardian.com it mentions that Maxxi museum has different assortments of colourss, such as: Grey, black, white and broad scope of pick mixtures of the open concrete. Our attending is grabbed, from the ruddy abstract elements from the ceiling, positioned in order to demo the modern-day character of the edifice through colour.Respectively of Wissily Kandinsky colour theory based on abstract elements and signifiers, we have proven our claim. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.011.jpg"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.012.jpg"/ Modernism is period with extremely advanced technological development.It categorizes the exposure of the construction, that’s why it could be called the period of Structural Expressionism. High-tech architecture creates new ocular thoughts, and the esteem for economical edifice buildings led to hapless fabrication quality. During the 1880ss it was hard to distinguish this technological betterment from post–modern architecture. This is exemplified in the work undertaken by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, Centre Pompidou. As it was reference in archdaily one of the chief design construct thoughts was the typically structural bring outing for modernism. The edifice was dived with the aid of colour coding.Using this system it could be easy recognized the different constituents or country of the edifice. For illustration electrical mechanism was colored in orange and yellow, constructions and stepss were painted in gray.In maxi museum we have exposure of stairway excessively , which led once more to the idea that Maxi museum is modernist edifice. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.013.jpg"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.014.jpg"/ Le Corbusier is a Gallic designer and it was born in Switzerland. He formulated his five rules of modern architecture, in which he remains faithful to the terminal of his life. The first rule is connected with columns – it separates the house from the land through several back uping columns. The 2nd rule is garden – he besides uses gardens on the roof of edifices. The 3rd rule is a little figure of supporting walls. The 4th rule is widely glazing and the last 5th rule is free facade – exterior walls free from their supporting map. And based on those five point rules he adjusted one of his undertakings: Villa Savoye which has large influence over the modernism. With unfastened program and sequence of inclines, he dares the occupants to travel through the infinites invariably. In Maxxi museum the visitant are invited to come in into a series of uninterrupted infinites, instead than the compact volume of an stray edifice. So in both instances we have a incorporate i nfinite. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.015.jpg"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.016.jpg"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.017.jpg"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1137939.018.jpg"/ Decision: To sum up, the chief end of the essay was to find and explicate why Maxxi museum is modern-day edifice. Based on several perceptual experiences typical for modernism, it was proven consequently to the construct â€Å"Form follows map † , â€Å" Truth to stuffs † , unhidden constructions and scientific cognition. Maxi is a museum with legion volumes and extension of lines, without centre point, stand foring the circulation of images and thoughts. Building is seen as a 2nd tegument of the metropolis, reacting to the environment, the edifice is seen as artistic s stretching pulling over the fantastic landscape.

Critically evaluate how international retailers can achieve Assignment

Critically evaluate how international retailers can achieve competitive advantage through customer service - Assignment Example Customer service offers competitive advantages of improved customer satisfaction, increased customer loyalty, improved brand image, and increased sales and profitability. The 7P elements are also important in enhancing competitor advantage. The 7Ps are: price, product, place, promotion, people, process, and physical environment (Kotler, 2011). In the analysis of Tesco’s F&F brand, the most important element of the 7P is People. People are the main drivers of customer service at F&F. They communicate with customers in order to enhance effective customer service. They also respond effectively to the requests and complaints of customers. Tesco recruits highly qualified employees with good customer relations skills. The leading online retailer in UK is Amazon while the worst retailer is Ryanair (Integrated Retailer, 2014). In overall, there has been a fall in online customer satisfaction in UK, falling from 74 to 73 on a 100-point scale (Integrated Retailer, 2014). Amazon, the best online retailer has a score of 84 while Ryanair, the worst performer had 60 points; all in terms of customer satisfaction. Amazon targets buyers of various retail products while Ryanair targets airline companies. Amazon has segmented its customers geographically and in terms of affluence. On the other hand, Ryanair does not seem to have a good segmentation because it targets all airlines without identifying any segment. These examples show how customer satisfaction through customer service is an essential element in achieving competitive advantage. Customer service, social responsibility, and sustainability are closely related concepts that retail companies should consider in order to improve their customer satisfaction. Customer service entails serving customers through delivery of goods, listening to their complaints, helping them with their problems, and understanding them. Generally, customer service

Characteristics of science journalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Characteristics of science journalism - Essay Example For example, the goal of one east coast company is to capture the market for human infant formula by trying to produce transgenic cattle whose milk contains an important protein found in human breast milk. While pharmaceutical companies are exploring transgenic technology for commercial purposes, animal science researchers at U.C., Davis, are focused on developing the technology to advance the dairy industry. Specifically, we are investigating whether foreign genes inserted into dairy cattle can change the manufacturing or nutritional properties of milk. We have succeeded in demonstration with transgenic mice that foreign genes can be expressed by the mammary gland to modify milk components. However, we have met the same obstacles as industrial scientists in trying to produce similar results in transgenic cattle. It appears that what we need is a significant breakthrough to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of aiming transgenic cattle. Cloning by nuclear transfer is another method of genetic engineering still in experimental stages. Despite all the media reports, the purpose behind experiments leading to the creation of "Dolly", the sheep made famous through cloning, was not to make multiple copies of a single animal. Rather, researchers were interested in finding cell types that could be used to generate a normal animal after transfer of a cell's nucleus into a recently ovulated egg, a process known as nuclear transfer. The ultimate goal of this cloning research is to produce animals from cells that have been genetically modified in the laboratory, or in other words, to produce transgenic animals from transgenic cells. The advantage of this approach is that cultured... Science journalism tends to be mostly practiced by the people who majored in humanities rather than in science. We can also concede that when science writing is done by people with actual science background, it offer it because the writers would really prefer to be doing science rather than journalism. People want things to be in simple and plain English. But this demand is unrealistic because science writing is dumbed down as much as it can. the one major fact behind this is that language is built upon the hierarchy of concepts, scientific or technical concepts correspond to specialized technical terms, terms of art, and the like(the jargon).Human attitudes are turned with the use of language in the articles. The more simple and correct is the language the more are the readers attracted. When we look at the metaphor in science we can say that it is very interesting to read of the increasing interest that is being generated around metaphors in science. It actually impossible in terms of formulating any easy understanding of the natural world without metaphors in some way or another. in the biological world, metaphors have a further complication in that they frequently become teleologies as well. a teleology is nothing but an explanation that accords purpose to some attribute. So, the eye is designed to be some sort of video camera; the immune system is designed to defend the body against foreign organisms; hair is designed to insulate the body; feathers are designed to help a bird fly.

Smoking Gun Report Essay Example for Free

Smoking Gun Report Essay Your assignment is to analyze each of these memos and write a 700-800 word report showing how one is a good example of professional writing while the other is an example of poor professional writing. You will evaluate the memos in light of the situation, the style and the organization. Style, Organization, and Effective Communication Choices in style and organization have a great influence on the way a document is received and how successfully it fulfills its intended purpose. The consequences of the authors decisions in these matters can be a matter of life and death. This is shown very clearly in the two smoking gun documents you will be examining for this assignment. The first memo is from D. F. Hallman, the manager of plant performance for Babcock and Wilson. The second memo is from R. M. Boisjoly at Morton Thiokol. Both of these memos have become famous as smoking guns since they played a major role in pointing out problems that were ignored and that eventually led to catastrophic consequences. Questions to Ask †¢What is rhetorical situation in each instance? Research the Challenger disaster and the Three Mile Island incident. †¢What do you know about the author of each of these memos? Google them so you have some idea of their credentials. †¢Examine the main ideas of each document. Begin by looking at the subject line to determine how well it reflects the purpose of the memo. Look at the introductory paragraph. Try to find a stated thesis and underline it. Where does it occur in the memo? In the beginning, the middle, or the end? How easy was it to find this main idea? If you had to search hard to find it, what does that indicate? †¢Look at how the document is organized. Does it follow the logical pattern of introduction, body, conclusion? Is it coherent? Is it unified? Does the author use transitions or other methods to lead the reader from one point to the next? Does the writer indicate the importance of the memo? How? †¢Now look at the writers syle and purpose. Is the memo written to inform or persuade? Considering the importance of the subject, which mode should the writer use? Does the writer use any persuasive language or persuasive techniques in the memo? If so, point them out. Does the language move the reader to action? Does it show the importance of the topic and the consequences of ignoring the problem? Does the author use any key words or phrases to add to the persuasive effect? †¢Look at the authors voice. Is the author detached and uncaring or is he engaging and personal? How does he engage the reader? Is his tone accusatory or friendly or impersonal? †¢Word choice is important in persuasive writing. Examine each document for words that the writer uses to show the importance of the subject. Preparing the Report Part I-Introduction †¢Mention the kairos of each situation: who, what, when, where, why, how †¢Be brief and to the point †¢Give some biographical information on each of the authors †¢Be brief and to the point. At the end of the introduction, present the purpose of your report Part II-Evaluation of Memo #1 (it doesnt matter which memo you start with) †¢Examine the way the memo is set up including the subject line, the purpose, the layout and design introductory paragraph, the thesis statement and show how all of these elements contribute to the overall effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the final product. †¢Examine the way the document is organized including the introductory paragraph, the thesis statement, the body paragraphs, the conclusion. Is the document unified and coherent? Does the author arrange his ideas to show the importance of the subject matter? Show how all of these elements contribute to the overall effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the final product. †¢Analyze the writers style and purpose. Show how the author uses persuasive techniques to move the reader to action. How does the style contribute to whether or not the authors purpose has come through clearly in the memo. †¢Evaluate the authors voice to see if he actually engages the reader. If he fails to do this, do you think it is on purpose? †¢Look at the choice of words. Pick out any figurative language. Does the author use second person and active voice? How does word choice influence the overall effectiveness of the document? Part III-Evaluation of Memo #2 †¢Examine the way the memo is set up including the subject line, the purpose, the layout and design introductory paragraph, the thesis statement and show how all of these elements contribute to the overall effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the final product. †¢Examine the way the document is organized including the introductory paragraph, the thesis statement, the body paragraphs, the conclusion. Is the document unified and coherent? Does the author arrange his ideas to show the importance of the subject matter? Show how all of these elements contribute to the overall effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the final product. †¢Analyze the writers style and purpose. Show how the author uses persuasive techniques to move the reader to action. How does the style contribute to whether or not the authors purpose has come through clearly in the memo? †¢Evaluate the authors voice to see if he actually engages the reader. If he fails to do this, do you think it is on purpose? Look at the choice of words. Pick out any figurative language. Does the author use second person and active voice? How does word choice influence the overall effectiveness of the document? Part IV-Your opinion and contrast. By this time, it should be pretty obvious to you which memo is an example of good professional writing and which one is an example of poor professional writing. In this section you will draw conclusions from what you have written in parts II and III and will tell which memo is the most effective and why. You will do a little contrast in this section.

Prufrock in the poem The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock Essay -- T.S.

Question Who is Prufrock? The modern propensity for excessive introspection prevents people from living full, active lives. Is this true of Prufrock? Refer to examples from the poem to support your opinion. Answer It is obvious that the excessive and obsessive reflection of self that Prufrock undergoes in the poem, "The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock" written by T.S. Eliot, prevents him from living to his true potential, and this is shown through the poet?s language and his use of poetic devices. ?The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock? has some immaculate imagery. T.S. Eliot uses figurative diction to create almost cinematic images in the readers mind, almost like a memory of their own. The imagery creates an incredible mood and atmosphere, and this evokes appropriately vivid feelings and emotions that all the same, feel eerily familiar and appeal to the senses of the reader. This is the case as the reader can relate to the personal feelings of Prufrock. Yet, the individual images, I consider are not the guiding force or theme of the poem. The constant and central theme of the poem is the dismissive tone of the self-cynical persona, Prufrock. I personally believe that the poem, ?The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock? contains T.S. Eliot?s perception on modern man, or in other words, the monotony and sordidness of the human condition. I believe he attempts to break the conventional modes of perception of the typical individual which perpetually takes new forms, and makes the reader see the world afresh from a new perspective. He does this by making us aware and engaging us in deeper feelings that we rarely penetrate. Eliot personally feels that modern man has an exiguous view on the quality of life and the truly impo... ...of Prufrock's propensity to move backwards and downwards is suggestive of his nearness to death, and his backpedaling down into Hell. Prufrock himself as stated earlier sees "the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker,? while he says in the next line "in short, I was afraid." The point of past tense is also worth noting. With these phrases the audience has to feel pity towards Prufrock and it is through emotions that Eliot makes his point and perception realised in the readers? eyes. In conclusion, as Eliot seemed to think that the modern propensity for excessive introspection prevents people from living full, active lives, Eliot created the story of Prufrock. Through his persona, T.S. Eliot engages his readers with an assortment of emotions. These emotions were successful in allowing Eliot to see his perception of superficial people seen in his reader's eyes.

Ryanair Business Model

MEMO To: Steven Rand From: Morgan Murphy and James Klein Subject: Response to Memo Assignement Date: February 28, 2013 Purpose: Demonstrate the similarities and differences between an article from a magazine and an article from an academic journal and apply what is learned to future learning. Summary: The areas that will be examined regarding the two articles will be; tone, vocabulary, author background, details about the airline that are included and excluded, as well as length.Using this examination we will decide how to treat academic and magazine articles from here forth. Discussion: To begin with, Ryanair is a European budget airline based out of Dublin, Ireland. They are able to keep prices low, such as a round trip ticket from Dublin to Edinburgh for $30, because of their numerous budgeting techniques. The techniques and ideas used to cut costs, such as paying to use the restroom, cause a lot of controversy amongst the consumers. Still Ryanair has one of the largest fleets in Europe and continually has its flights filled near to capacity.The question asked by these two articles is whether or not this type of business plan can last and if consumers will continue to put up with Ryanair’s budget tactics. The tone of each of the articles is the first trait noticed by the reader. The titles of each of these articles are a good indication of what the tone will be throughout the article. The Newsweek article, â€Å"Is this Any Way to Run An Airline† (Any Way to Run), puts the reader immediately in a relaxed state and almost makes the reader feel as though the author is on their side.On the other hand, the article by the International Journal of Transport Management has a more formal title suggesting to the reader that this article is more for relaying facts than opinions. This article is titled, â€Å"The Sustainability of the Ryanair Model† (Ryanair Model). The introductions for both of these articles are also very different in their tone. â€Å"Ryanair Model† uses only facts and statistics to give the reader a short background as to where Ryanair stands amongst its competitors.However, in â€Å"Any Way to Run† there is a background on the current savings techniques used by Ryanair that directly affect their customers because this article is meant to be read mainly by Ryanair customers. Going hand in hand with tone, vocabulary can also contribute to how formal or relaxed an article may sound. The type of vocabulary used in each article is used to effectively reach the targeted audience of each article. The vocabulary used in â€Å"Any Way to Run† is meant to be simple due to the fact that Newsweek is being read by a much larger audience than an academic a journal would be.There are also many more quotes by Ryanair’s CEO, Michael O’Leary, that are in fairly simple terms. An example of this would be O’Leary’s comment about fares when he stated, â€Å"You paid us a fare of $19-go away†. The other end of the spectrum is more technical vocabulary. Vocabulary that is used in â€Å"Ryanair Model† is only fully understood by economics and business professionals. In the â€Å"Ryanair Model† article, each section begins with pure statistics and facts with many terms such as net margin, industry average, deregulation etc.These terms are somewhat understood by the common reader but in order for their full meaning to be understood it would take a business professional to understand the meanings behind them. There are also many tables and charts included in this article that would make mean more to someone who is familiar with reading those kinds of statistics. The choice of vocabulary is made by the author and the background of the author can determine what kind of vocabulary they may choose to use. The article, â€Å"Any Way to Run†, was written by Daniel McGinn MBA.The academic article, â€Å"Ryanair Model†, was written by Sean Barrett PhD. While these authors are fairly similar in their qualifications for writing, Barrett, being an economics professor at Trinity College, is much more qualified to comment on qualities of business models and McGinn is much more capable of capturing the consumer perspective. After reviewing the author’s profiles it makes sense that Barrett would give the reader tremendous amounts of facts in his article and then comment on whether or not what Ryanair is doing is a good business decision, purely from an economic stand point.McGinn, being a reporter and have some knowledge on the economics behind the Ryanair model, would choose to comment only on quotes from customers and employees of Ryanair. While these authors are writing to different audiences there are still some facts about Ryanair that are included in both articles. Both the Newsweek and the Transportation Journal articles comment on Ryanair’s extensive use of the Boeing 737-800 aircraft. They both m ention how versatile an aircraft it is and how it is able to hold a large amount of passengers. Any Way to Run† goes into more depth about what it means to the consumer to have an aircraft that can hold more passengers. â€Å"Ryanair Model† on the other hand goes more in depth about how Ryanair was able to negotiate with Boeing to purchase these aircraft as cheap as they did. One of the most visible and, aside from tone, the most noticeable to the viewer is length of the article. Length is one of the main deciding factors in how much credibility is received by an article, academic or general.The length directly correlates to how many sources are cited within the article and how much information is available. â€Å"Ryanair Model† is much longer than â€Å"Any Way to Run† because academic articles need many more sources to sustain their credibility in the academic world. In â€Å"Ryanair Model† most of the length is taken up with facts and statistics about Ryanair and its competitors while opinions make up most of the â€Å"Any Way to Run† article. Action Statement: After an in depth analysis and comparison of this academic and magazine article we have realized the different intended uses for each article.From this point forward we will also keep in mind, when reading magazine articles, that they are meant to be appealing to the reader and not necessarily include all the facts about the topic. For academic articles we learned that we may not necessarily understand all the content unless we are well versed in the field that the article is written for. Going forward, if we need an in depth analysis of a specific subject we will research and use academic journals. If we need more of an overview of a topic we will use magazine articles.

Feasibility Marketing Plan – Lumber Business

MARKETING PLAN OF MADERA SAN JOSE Marketing Tools Madera San Jose, from the name itself, will offer wood products specifically hardwoods or lumber that would be further used for production of different products such as wood furniture, residential or commercial structures, and etc. Madera is the Spanish word for â€Å"wood†. Madera San Jose’s hardwood products will be expounded on in the next part of the study – the marketing plan of the proposed business. This part of the feasibility study determines the different types marketing programs prevalent in the lumber industry that can help the Madera.Given that the proposed business is a medium-scale lumber business in the province of Pampanga, the province of Muebles San Jose and also the proposed province for the location of Madera San Jose, the group gathered few and simple but still effective marketing programs that are implemented by owners there to make their business known. They can also be considered as more of marketing tools. Firstly, the bu sinesses give free merchandise such as calendars, face towels and shirts. These materials bear the logo or name of the business as well as its location.Mostly the merchandise is given to both potential and loyal patrons for them to maintain and spread awareness of the business. This practice has been done not just in Pampanga but in other places, too, and not just by lumber business owners but by other business owners, too. Except for the calendars, that are given just once a year, other merchandises are given depending on the owners disposal or whenever the owners want to, and how frequently they want to. It is proven effective because most businesses that have done it are the long-running ones compared to others that have not.The costs associated with these merchandises are as follows: Merchandise| Price & Quantity| Calendars| Php 10. 00 per 1 pc. for 30 pcs. (in a bulk)| Face towel| Php 15. 00 per 1 pc. for pcs. (in a bulk)| Shirts| Php 80. 00 per 1 pc. for 100 pcs. (in a bulk)| Secondly, businesses in Pampanga sponsor basketball teams in town leagues. Lumber businesses there have done it, too. In exchange, their logos are seen on the basketball players’ jerseys. Basketball leagues are held more than once annually, sometimes at very frequent intervals. In these events, usually many people come to watch.Aside from basketball jerseys, there are also banners portraying the businesses’ logos and locations. These are seen by owners as opportunities for the business to be recognized so they sponsor. Lumber businesses in Pampanga have done so, too. In Pampanga, the total cost for sponsoring a team is Php 10,000. 00. Following is the breakdown of said amount that will be paid in case Madera sponsors a basketball team. Expenses| Price| Basketball jerseys| Php7,200. 00 (Php 600. 00 x 12 jersey sets)| Banners or Posters| Php 2,000. 00 | Miscellaneous| Php 800. 00|The third and the last marketing tool used by most business owners in the area as well as gi ving one peso discounts. This practice has long been used by business owners – from large department stores to local lumber business owners. The practice gives customers the mentality that they get to save more while at the same time, not affecting much the costs of incurred by the business for that certain item – considering that there were mark-ups added. Marketing Mix (4 Ps) The marketing plan mainly elaborates on the 4 Ps of a business: the Product, Place, Price, and Promotion.These 4 Ps are also considered the â€Å"marketing mix† of the business that determine what the business has to offer and what are the channels for this offer to reach the consumers. In this part of the study, the said principles are expounded on in the context of Madera San Jose. Product Usually, the first principle of the 4 Ps tackled in marketing plans is the Product. Madera San Jose will offer lumber – to be specific, hardwood products. In the simplest sense, lumber is †Å"wood in any stage from the time it is cut from a tree through its use in construction or paper,† (What is Lumber Homepage, 2013).Lumber is cut from a tree through a process called felling. After it is cut and shipped, it is supplied either â€Å"rough† or â€Å"finished†. Finished lumber is primarily used in the construction industry. Most finished lumber is cut from softwood trees such as pine, fir, or cedar. Some rough lumber includes hardwoods for use in high-grade wood floors (What is Lumber Homepage, 2013). Rough lumber is raw and uncut to standardized measurements. It is used for furniture or specialty manufacturing where custom cutting and shaping is required.Given that Muebles San Jose concentrates on furniture making – custom-made or otherwise – Madera San Jose will mainly sell rough lumber in the form of hardwoods. The hardwood lumber products to be offered by Madera are: Lauan, Yakal, Teak, Gmelina, Malabuaya, Narra, Mahogany, Apitong, and Antipolo. Like the competitors, Top Lumber and Angeles LCM Construction Supply, Madera San Jose will get most of its woods from the suppliers in Tarlac. Below are the illustrations of the different hardwood products to be sold by Madera San Jose. Lauan YakalTeak Gmelina MalabuayaNarraMahoganyApitongAntipolo These lumber products, as mentioned, are to be processed further for production of more products such as trimmings for structures and more especially, furniture. Place The second P stands for Place. Madera San Jose’s wood warehouse and store itself is to be established in Angeles City, Pampanga. Pampanga is the home of Muebles San Jose. However, be that as it is, Muebles is in Mabalacat, not Angeles City. Angeles City was chosen due to its close proximity to Mabalacat – Mabalacat borders Angeles City in the latter’s northern part.Secondly, it is considered as a first-class highly urbanized city in the country, with its numerous residential areas as well a s commercial ones such as restaturants, malls, universities and even tourist spots such as ancestral mansions and houses. These structures require a lot of wood – both for the building itself as well as the furniture. Since the site is a highly industrial part of Pampanga, it is accessible to its suppliers from both Tarlac and Manila; MARSSE Timber Suppliers, Tarlac and Mango and Timber Plantation, Manila – the latter’s office is located in Taguig.Each supplier supplies 3,000 board feet of wood monthly. The exact location of Madera San Jose in Angeles City will be in Brgy. Pandan. The proposed business will actually be located at Pandan Road, Brgy. Pandan, Angeles City, Pampanga. There are about nine puroks situated in Barangay Pandan. These are: Old Pandan, Land Tenure, San Ignacio Subdivision, Springside Subdivision, Citicenter A, Citicenter B, Magalang Avenue Extension, Jaovil Compound, and Saint Ignatius Subdivision.There are also several establishments â₠¬â€œ furniture shops, schools (public and private), barangay hall (of Pandan and of other nearby barangays) – that are relevant to the business. The exact location where the proposed business will be launched is noticeably located on a main road and is situated in a commercial-residential area. This is intended such that the business will be highly accessible to the chance buyers and to the greater market, specifically businesses within the vicinity and residents living in the area, who may have probably become the clients of Madera San Jose.The lot measures 300sq. m. and the lumber business is expected to occupy 280sq. m. Originally, the location was a bare land. It was acquired it years before by Mr. Manabat for the purpose of expanding his first business. Price The price for the lumber of Madera San Jose was also gathered from the standard prices of woods per board foot in Pampanga. Following are the prices: Hardwood| Price Per Board Foot| Lauan| Php30. 00| Yakal| Php40. 0 0| Teak| Php60. 00| Gmelina| Php26. 00| Malabuaya| Php30. 00| Narra| Php85. 00|Mahogany| Php30. 00| Apitong| Php30. 00| Antipolo| Php35. 00| One will notice that these prices are also the same as those of the competitors’. This is because of the fact that the owners want to use competition-based pricing. Competition-based pricing is the strategy used when a firm uses the competitor’s prices as benchmarks. In Madera’s case, since there are only two (2) competitors nearby that also offer hardwood lumber; Top Lumber and Angeles LCM Construction Supply, and both have the same prices, Madera used their prices.Same prices are used to get more people from the competitors’ pool of patrons, and no decreases are made either, so that Madera an establish stability since the business is new and so that there will be allowance for possible future discounts. Also, other lumber dealers sell at the same prices and the customers are used to the standard. Since Madera San J ose will be a new addition, the business will also use the same prices to establish its place in the market. Promotion Promotional tools used by lumber businesses in Pampanga have been mentioned already in the first part of this portion of the study.Going back, the three tools are: 1) giving of printed merchandise, 2) sponsorship of basketball leagues, and 3) one-peso discounts. `The group recommends Madera San Jose to use the first and second tools – printed merchandise and basketball league sponsorships. Giving printed merchandise such as calendars, face towel, and shirts is not something new in the small to medium industries but they are helpful in spreading knowledge of the business. For instance, buildings – whether private of public, large or small – that display the calendars will help in making the new business known.It is also an ideal way because calendars are displayed and looked at all year round. As for shirts and towels, people who wear or use them are mostly people from the manual labor sector. These people tend to move and work a lot in the local community. Without spreading information on the business verbally, these people â€Å"display† the business just by moving around. It will help that the printed information not just contains the business logo and name but the business address as well. The second tool is the team sponsorship in basketball leagues.As mentioned, basketball leagues are hugely-crowded events. Some people from other towns even visit to watch. In the basketball leagues, aside from banners that can be displayed around the court, Madera can gain exposure through basketball jerseys with the business logo printed on them. Aside from having huge crowds to whom Madera can be exposed to, basketball leagues are held more than once a year – even more frequently if the area has many playing teams. Madera will have more exposure time. One might wonder why the third tool was not applied.This tool is the one-peso discount strategy. It would be good for the business. However, it is also deemed ideal if this strategy will not be applied in at present – when the business is still new in the industry. Customers should be accustomed first with the actual prices before being given the discounts. Marketing Plan Conclusion In sum, unlike other industries, the lumber businesses in Pampanga do not highly focus on marketing. If one will notice in this study, this marketing part does not comprise much information compared to other aspects such as the operational plan and financials.This is so because first and foremost, the lumber industry in Pampanga mainly relies on word-of-mouth as the major marketing agenda. Owners, aside from giving free merchandise and some basketball leagues do not use famous media such as the television, radios and magazines. Some even do not have a marketing strategy at all, or if they do, they do not practice it for the long run. They just rely on word-of-mout h. In short, the most reliable and fool-proof way of gaining more customers for Madera San Jose is based on its products and how these will make the customers satisfied enough to spread information about them.